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10.00 - The Official Scorer.
10.01 (a) The league president shall appoint an official scorer for
each league championship game. The official scorer shall observe
the game from a position in the press box. The scorer shall have
sole authority to make all decisions involving judgement, such as
whether a batter's advance to first base is the result of a hit or
an error. He shall communicate such decisions to the press box and
broadcasting booths by hand signals or over the press box
loudspeaker system, and shall advise the public address announcer
of such decisions if requested.
The Official Scorer must make all decisions concerning judgment
calls within twenty-four (24) hours after a game has been
officially concluded. No judgment decision shall be changed
thereafter except, upon immediate application to the league
president, the scorer may request a change, citing the reasons for
such. In all cases,the official scorer is not permitted to make a
scoring decision which is in conflict with the scoring rules.
After each game,including forfeited and called games, the scorer
shall prepare a report, on a form prescribed by the league
president, listing the date of the game, where it was played, the
names of the competing clubs and the umpires, the full score of the
game, and all records of individual players compiled according to
the system specified in these Official Scoring Rules. He shall
forward this report to the league office within thirty-six hours
after the game ends. He shall forward the report of any suspended
game within thirty-six hours after the game has been completed, or
after it becomes an official game because it cannot be completed,
as provided by the Official Playing Rules.
(b) (1) To achieve uniformity in keeping the records of
championship games, the scorer shall conform strictly to the
Official Scoring Rules. The scorer shall have authority to rule on
any point not specifically covered in these rules.
(2) If the teams change sides before three men are put out, the
scorer shall immediately inform the umpire of the mistake.
(3) If the game is protested or suspended, the scorer shall make a
note of the exact situation at the time of the protest or
suspension, including the score, the number of outs, the position
of any runners, and the ball and strike count on the batter.
NOTE: It is important that a suspended game resume with exactly the
same situation as existed at the time of suspension. If a protested
game is ordered replayed form the point of protest, it must be
resumed with exactly the situation that existed just before the
protested play.
(4) The scorer shall not make any decisions conflicting with the
Official Playing Rules, or with and umpire's decision.
(5) The scorer shall not call the attention of the umpire or of any
member of either team to the fact that a player is batting out of
turn.
(c) The scorer is an official representative of the league, and is
entitled to the respect and dignity of his office, and shall be
accorded full protection by the league president. The scorer shall
report to the president any indignity expressed by any manager,
player, club employee or club officer in the course of, or as the
result of,the discharge of his duties.
10.02 The official score report prescribed by the league president
shall make provision for entering the information listed below, in
a form convenient for the compilation of permanent statistical
record:
(a) The following records for each batter and runner:
(1) Number of times he batted, except that no time at bat shall be
charged against a player when
(i) He hits a sacrifice bunt or sacrifice fly
(ii) He is awarded first base on four called balls
(iii) He is hit by a pitched ball
(iv) He is awarded first base because of interference or
obstruction
(2) Number of runs scored
(3) Number of safe hits
(4) Number of runs batted in
(5) Two-base hits
(6) Three-base hits
(7) Home runs
(8) Total bases on safe hits
(9) Stolen bases
(10) Sacrifice bunts
(11) Sacrifice flies
(12) Total number of bases on balls
(13) Separate listing of any intentional bases on balls
(14) Number of times hit by a pitched ball
(15) Number of times awarded first base for interference or
obstruction
(16) Strikeouts
(b) The following records for each fielder:
(1) Number of putouts
(2) Number of assists
(3) Number of errors
(4) Number of double plays participated in
(5) Number of triple plays participated in
(c) The following records for each pitcher:
(1) Number of innings pitched.
NOTE: In computing innings pitched, count each putout as one-third
of an inning. If a starting pitcher is replaced with one out in the
sixth inning, credit that pitcher with 5 1/2 innings. If a starting
pitcher is replaced with none out in the sixth inning, credit that
pitcher with 5 innings, and make the notation that he faced ---
batters in the sixth. If a relief pitcher retires two batters and
is replaced, credit that pitcher with 1/2 inning pitched.
(2) Total number of batters faced
(3) Number of batters officially at bat against pitcher computed
according to 10.02 (a) (1).
(4) Number of hits allowed
(5) Number of runs allowed
(6) Number of earned runs allowed
(7) Number of home runs allowed
(8) Number of sacrifice hits allowed
(9) Number of sacrifice flies allowed
(10) Total number of bases on balls allowed
(11) Separate listing of any intentional bases on balls allowed
(12) Number of batters hit by pitched balls
(13) Number of strikeouts
(14) Number of wild pitches
(15) Number of balks
(d) The following additional data:
(1) Name of the winning pitcher
(2) Name of the losing pitcher
(3) Names of the starting pitcher and the finishing pitcher for
each team
(4) Name of pitcher credited with save.
(e) Number of passed balls allowed by each catcher.
(f) Names of players participating in double and triple plays.
EXAMPLE: Double plays-Jones, Roberts, and Smith (2) Triple play-
Jones and Smith.
(g) Number of runners left on base by each team. This total shall
include all runners who get on base by any means and who do not
score and are not put out. Include in this total a batter-runner
whose batted ball results in another runner being retired for the
third out.
(h) Names of batters who hit home runs with bases full.
(i) Names of batters who ground into force double plays and reverse
force double plays.
(j) Names of runners caught stealing
(k) Number of outs when winning run scored, if game is won in last
half-inning.
(l) The score by innings for each team.
(m) Names of umpires, listed in this order: (1) plate umpire,(2)
first base umpire, (3) second base umpire, (4) third base umpire.
(n) Time required to play the game, with delays for weather or
light failure deducted.
10.03 (a) In compiling the official score report, the official
scorer shall list each player's name and his fielding position or
positions in the order in which the player batted, or would have
batted if the game ends before he gets to bat.
NOTE: When a player does not exchange positions with another
fielder but is merely placed in a different spot for a particular
batter, do not list this as a new person.
EXAMPLES: (1) Second baseman goes to the outfield to form a four-
man outfield. (2) Third baseman moves to a position between
shortstop and second baseman.
(b) Any player who enters the game as a substitute batter or
substitute runner. whether or not he continues in the game
thereafter, shall be identified in the batting order by a special
symbol which shall refer to a separate record of substitute batters
and runners. Lower case letters are recommended as symbols for
substitute batters, and numerals as symbols for substitute runners.
The record of substitute batters shall describe what the substitute
batter did.
EXAMPLES: a-singled for --- in third inning. b-flied out for ---in
sixth inning. c-Forced --- for --- in seventh inning. d-Grounded
out for ---in ninth inning. I-Ran for --- in ninth inning.
The record of substitute batters and runner shall include the name
of any such substitute whose name is announced, but who is removed
for a second substitute before he actually gets into the game. Such
substitution shall be recorded as "e-announced as substitute for --
-in seventh inning." Any such second substitute shall be recorded
as batting or running for the first announced substitute.
HOW TO PROVE A BOX SCORE
(c) A box score is in balance (or proved) when the total of the
teams times at bat, bases on balls received, hit batters, sacrifice
bunts, sacrifice flies and batters awarded first base because of
interference or obstruction equals the total of that team's runs,
players left on base and the opposing team's putouts.
WHEN PLAYER BATS OUT OF TURN
(d) When a player bats out of turn, and is put out, and the proper
batter is called before the ball is pitched to the next batter,
charge the proper batter with a time at bat and score the putout
and any assists the same as if the correct batting order had been
followed. If an improper batter becomes a runner and the proper
batter is called out for having missed his turn at bat, charge the
proper batter with a time at bat, credit the putout to the catcher,
and ignore everything entering into the improper batter's safe
arrival on base. If more than one batter bats out of turn in
succession score all plays just as they occur, skipping the turn at
at bat of the player or players who first missed batting in the
proper order.
CALLED AND FORFEITED GAMES
(e) (1) If a regulation game is called, include the record of all
individual and team actions up to the moment the game ends, as
defined in Rules 4.10 and 4.11. If it is a tie game, do not enter
a winning or losing pitcher.
(2) If a regulation game is forfeited, include the record of all
individual and team actions up to the time of forfeit. If the
winning team by forfeit is ahead at the time of forfeit, enter as
winning and losing pitchers the players who would have qualified if
the game had been called at the time of forfeit. If the winning
team by forfeit is behind or if the score is tied at the time of
forfeit, do not enter a winning or losing pitcher. If a game is
forfeited before it becomes a regulation game, include no records,
Report only the fact of the forfeit.
RUNS BATTED IN
10.04 (a) Credit the batter with a run batted for every run which
reaches home base because of the batter's safe hit, sacrifice bunt,
sacrifice fly, infield out or fielder's choice: or which is forced
over the plate by reason of the batter becoming a runner with bases
full (on a base on balls, or an award of first base for being
touched by a pitched ball, or for interference or obstruction).
(1) Credit a run batted in for the run scored by the batter who
hits a home run. Credit a run batted in for each runner who is on
base when the home run is hit and who scored ahead of the batter
who hits the home run.
(2) Credit a run batted in for the run scored when, before two are
out, an error is made on a play on which a runner from third base
ordinarily would score.
(b) Do not credit a run batted in when the batter grounds into a
force double play or a reverse double play.
(c) Do not credit a run batted in when a fielder is charged with an
error because he muffs a throw at first base which would have
completed a force double play.
(d) Scorer's  judgment must determine whether a run batted in shall
be credited for a run which scores when a fielder holds the ball,
or throws to a wrong base. Ordinarily, if the runner keeps going,
credit a run batted in: if the runner stops and takes off again
when he notices the misplay, credit the run as scored on a
fielders's choice.
(e) Game-Winning RBI: that gives a Club the lead it never
relinquishes.
NOTE: There does not have to be a game-winning  RBI in every game
and all game-winning RBI's must conform to Rule 10.04
BASE HITS
10.05 A base hit shall be scored in the following cases:
(a) When a batter reaches first base (or any succeeding base)
safely on a fair ball which settles on the ground or touches a
fence before being touched by a fielder, or which clears a fence.
(b) When a batter reaches first base safely on a fair ball hit with
such force, or so slowly, that any fielder attempting to make a
play with it has no opportunity to do so.
NOTE: A hit shall be scored if the fielder attempting to handle
the ball cannot makes a play, even if such fielder deflects the
ball from or cuts off another fielder who could have put out a
runner.
(c) When a batter reaches first base safely on a fair ball which
takes an unnatural bounce so that a fielder cannot handle it with
ordinary effort, or which touches the pitcher's plate or any base
(including home plate), before being touched by a fielder and
bounces so that a fielder cannot handle  it with ordinary effort;
(d) When a batter reaches first base safely on a fair ball which
has not been touched by a fielder and which is in fair territory
when it reaches the outfield unless in the scorer's judgment it
could have been handled with ordinary effort;
(e) When a fair ball which has not been touched by a fielder
touches a runner or an umpire. EXCEPTION: Do not score a hit when
a runner is called out for having been touched by a Infield Fly;
(f) When a fielder unsuccessfully attempts to put out a preceding
runner, and in the scorer's judgment the batter-runner would not
have been put out at first base by ordinary effort.
NOTE: In applying the above rules, always give the batter the
benefit of the doubt. A safe course to follow is to score a hit
when exceptionally good fielding of a ball fails to result in a
putout.
10.06 A base hit shall not be scored in the following cases:
(a) When a runner is forced out by a batted ball, or would have
been forced out except for a fielding error:
(b) When the batter apparently hits safely and a runner who is
forced to advance by reason of the batter becoming a runner fails
to touch the first base to which he is advancing and is called out
on appeal. Charge the batter with a time at bat but no hit:
(c) When the pitcher, the catcher or any infielder handles a batted
ball an puts out a preceding runner who is attempting to advance
one base or return to his original base, or would have put out such
runner with ordinary effort except for a fielding error. Charge the
batter with a time ar bat but not hit;
(d) When a fielder fails in an attempt to put out a preceding
runner, an in the scorer's judgment the batter-runner could have
been put out at first base.
NOTE: This shall not apply if the fielder merely looks toward or
feints toward  another base before attempting to make the putout at
first base:
(e) When a runner is called out for interference with a fielder
attempting to field a batted ball, unless in the scorer's judgment
the batter-runner would have been safe had the interference not
occurred.
DETERMINING VALUE OF BASE HITS
10.07 Whether a safe hit shall be scored as a one-base hit, two
base hit, three base hit, or home run when no error or putout
results, shall be determined as follows:
(a) Subject to the provisions of 10.07 (b) and (c), it is a one-
base hit if the batter stops at first base, it is a two-base hit if
the batter stops at second base; it is a three base hit if the
batter stops at third base; it is a home run if the batter touches
all bases and scores.
(b) When, with one or more runners on base, the batter advances
more than one base on a safe hit and the defensive team makes an
attempt to put out a preceding runner, the scorer shall determine
whether the batter made a legitimate two-base hit or three-base
hit,or whether he advanced beyond first base on the fielder's
choice.
NOTE: Do not credit the batter with a three-base hit when a
preceding  runner is put out at the plate, or would have been out
but for an error. Do not credit the batter with a two-base hit when
a preceding runner trying to advance from first base is put out at
third base, or would have been out but for  an error. However, with
the exception of the above, do not determine the value of base hits
by the number of bases advanced by a preceding runner. A batter may
deserve a two-base hit even though he reaches second base and a
preceding runner advances two bases.
EXAMPLES: (1) Runner on first, batter hits to right fielder, who
throws to third base in unsuccessful attempt to put out runner.
Batter takes second base. Credit batter with one-base hit. (2)
Runner on second, batter hits fly ball. Runner holds up to
determine if ball is caught, and advance only to third base while
batter takes second. Credit batter with a two-base hit.(3) Runner
on third, batter hits high foul fly. Runner takes lead, then runs
back to tag up, thinking ball will be caught. Ball falls safe, but
runner cannot score, although batter has reached second. Credit
batter with two-base hit.
(c) When the batter attempts to make a two-base hit by sliding he
must hold the last base to which he advance. If he overslides and
is tagged out before getting back to the base safely, he shall be
credited with only as many bases as he attained safely. If he
overslides second base and is tagged out, he shall be credited with
a one-base hit; if he overslides third base and is tagged out, he
shall be credited with a two-base hit.
NOTE: If the batter overruns second or third base and is tagged out
trying to return, he shall be credited with the last base he
touched. If he runs past third base after reaching that base on his
feet, attempts to return and is tagged out, he shall be credited
with a three-base hit.
NOTE: If the batter overruns second or third base and is tagged out
trying to return, he shall be credited with the last base he
touched. If he runs past second base after reaching that base on
his feet,attempts to return and is tagged out, he shall be credited
with a two-base hit. If he runs past third base after reaching that
base on his feet, attempts to return and is tagged out, he shall be
credited with a three-base hit.
(d) When the batter, after making a safe hit, is called out for
having failed to touch a base, the last base he reached safely
shall determine if he shall be credited with a one-base hit, a two-
base hit or a three-base hit. If he is called out after missing
home base, he shall be credited with a three-base hit. If he is
called out for missing third base, he shall be credited for a two-
base hit. If he called out for missing second base, he shall be
credited with a one-base hit. If he is called out for missing first
base, he shall be charged with a time at bat, but no hit.
(e) When the batter-runner is awarded two bases, three bases or a
home run under the provisions of Playing Rules 7:05 or 7:06 (a), he
shall be credited with a two-base hit, a three-base hit or a home
run, as the case may be.
GAME-ENDING HITS
(f) Subject to the provisions of 10.07 (g), when the batter ends a
game with a safe hit which drives in as many runs as are necessary
to put his team in the lead, he shall be credited with only as many
bases on his hit as are advanced by the runner who scored the
winning run, and then only if the batter runs out his hit for as
many bases as are advanced by the runner who scores the winning
run.
NOTE: Apply the rule even when the batter is theoretically entitled
to more bases because of being awarded an "automatic" extra base
hit under various provisions of Playing Rules 6.09 and 7.05.
(g) When the batter ends a game with a home run hit out of the
playing field, he and any runners on base are entitled to score.
STOLEN BASES
10.08 A stolen base shall be credited to a runner whenever he
advances one base unaided by a hit, a putout, an error, a force-
out, a fielder's choice, a passed ball, a wild pitch or a balk,
subject to the following:
(a) When a runner starts for the next base before the pitcher
delivers the ball and the pitch results in what ordinarily is
scored a wild pitch or passed ball, credit the runner with a stolen
base and do not charge the misplay. EXCEPTION: If, as a result of
the misplay, the stealing runner advances an extra base, or another
runner also advances, score the wild pitch or passed ball as well
as the stolen base.
(b) When a runner is attempting to steal, and the catcher, after
receiving the pitch, makes a wild throw trying to prevent the
stolen base, credit a stolen base. Do not charge an error unless
the wild throw permits the stealing runner to advance one or more
extra bases, or permits another runner to advance, in which case
credit the stolen base and charge one error to the catcher.
(c) When a runner, attempting to steal, or after being picked off
base, evades being put out in a run-down play and advances to the
next base without the aid of an error, credit the runner with a
stolen base. If another runner also advances on the play, credit
both runners with stolen bases. If a runner advances while another
runner, attempting to steal, evades being put out in a run-down
play and returns safely, without the aid of an error, to the base
he originally occupied, credit a stolen base to the runner who
advances.
(d) When a double or triple steal is attempted and one runner is
thrown out before reaching and holding the base he is attempting to
steal, no other runner shall be credited with a stolen base.
(e) When a runner is tagged out after oversliding a base, while
attempting either to return to that base or to advance to the next
base, he shall not be credited with a stolen base.
(f) When in the scorer's judgment a runner attempting to steal is
safe because of a muffed throw, do not credit a stolen base. Credit
an assist to the fielder who made the throw; charge an error to the
fielder who muffed the throw, and charge the runner with "caught
stealing."
(g) No stolen base shall be scored when a runner advances solely
because of the defensive team's indifference to his advance. Score
as a fielder's choice.
CAUGHT STEALING
(h) A runner shall be charged as "Caught Stealing" if he is put
out, or would have been put out by errorless play when he
(1) Tries to steal
(2) Is picked off a base and tries to advance (any move toward the
next base shall be considered an attempt to advance).
(3) Overslides while stealing.
NOTE: In those instances where a pitched ball eludes the catcher
and the runner is put out trying to advance, no caught stealing
shall be charged. No caught stealing  should be charged when a
runner is awarded a base due to obstruction.
SACRIFICES
10.09 (a) Score a sacrifice bunt when, before two are out, the
batter advances one or more runner with a bunt and is put out at
first base, or would have been put out except for a fielding error.
(b) Score a sacrifice bunt when, before two are out, the fielders
handle a bunted ball without error in an unsuccessful attempt to
put out a preceding runner advancing one base. EXCEPTION: When an
attempt to turn a bunt into a putout of a preceding runner fails,
and in the scorer's judgment perfect play would not have put out
the batter at first base,the batter shall be credited with a one-
base hit and not a sacrifice.
(c) Do not score a sacrifice bunt when any runner is put out
attempting to advance one base on a bunt. Charge the batter with a
time at bat.
(d) Do not score a sacrifice bunt when, in the judgment of the
scorer, the batter is bunting primarily for a base hit and not for
the purpose of advancing a runner or runners. Charge the batter
with time at bat.
NOTE: In applying the above rule, always give the batter the
benefit of the doubt.
(e) Score a sacrifice fly when, before two are out, the batter hits
a fly ball or a line drive handled by an outfielder or an infielder
running in the outfield which
(1) is caught, and a runner scores after the catch, or
(2) is dropped, and a runner scores, if in the scorer's judgment
the runner could have scored after the catch had the fly been
caught.
NOTE: Score a sacrifice fly in accordance with 10.00 (e) (2) even
though another runner is forced out by reason of the batter
becoming a runner.
10.10 A putout shall be credited to each fielder who (1) catches a
fly ball or a line drive, whether fair or foul; (2) catches a
thrown ball which puts out a batter or runner, or (3) tags a runner
when the runner is off the base to which he legally is entitled.
(a) Automatic putouts shall be credited to the catcher as follows:
(1) When the batter is called out for an illegally batted ball:
(2) When the batter is called out for bunting foul for his third
strike (Note exception in 10.17 (a) (4):
(3) When the batter is called out for being touched by his own
batted ball:
(4) When the batter is called out for interfering with the catcher:
(5) When the batter is called out for failing to bat in his proper
turn (See 10.03 (d):
(6) When the batter is called out for refusing to touch first base
after receiving a base on balls:
(7) When a runner is called out for refusing to advance from third
base to home with the winning run.
(b) Other automatic putouts shall be credited as follows (credit no
assists on these plays except as specified):
(1) When the batter is called out on an Infield Fly which is not
caught, credit the putout to the fielder who the scorer believes
could have made the catch:
(2) When the runner is called out for being touched by a fair ball
(including and Infield Fly), credit the putout to the fielder
nearest the ball:
(3) When the runner is called out for running out of line to avoid
being tagged, credit the putout to the fielder whom the runner
avoided.
(4) When a runner is called out for passing another runner, credit
the putout to the fielder nearest the point of passing.
(5) When a runner is called out for running the bases in reverse
order, credit the putout to the fielder covering the base he left
in starting his reverse run:
(6) When a runner is called out for having interfered with a
fielder, credit the putout to the fielder with whom the runner
interfered, unless the fielder was int he act of throwing the ball
when the interference occurred, in which case credit the putout to
the fielder for whom the throw was intended, and credit an assist
to the fielder whose throw was interfered with:
(7) When the batter-runner is called out because of interference by
a preceding runner, as provided in Playing Rule 6.06 (m), credit
the putout to the first baseman. If the fielder interfered with was
in the act of throwing the ball, credit him with an assist on any
one play under the provisions of 10.10 (b) (6) and (7).
ASSIST
10.11 An assist shall be credited to each fielder who throws or
deflects a batted or thrown ball in such a way that a putout
results, or would have resulted except for a subsequent error by
any fielder. Only one assist and no more shall be credited to each
fielder who throws or deflects the ball in a run-down play which
results in a putout, or would have resulted in a putout , except
for a subsequent error.
NOTE: Mere ineffective contact with the ball shall not be
considered an assist."Deflect" shall mean to slow down or change
the direction of the ball and thereby effectively assist in putting
out a batter or runner.
(a) Credit as assist to each fielder who throws or deflects the
ball during a play which results in a runner being called out for
interference, or for running out of line.
(b) Do not credit an assist to the pitcher on a strikeout.
EXCEPTION: Credit an assist if the pitcher fields an uncaught third
strike and makes a throw which results in a putout.
(c) Do not credit an assist to the pitcher when, as the result of
a legal pitch received by the catcher, a runner is putout, as when
the catcher  picks a runner off base, throws out a runner trying to
steal, or tags a runner trying to score.
(d) Do not credit an assist to a fielder whose wild throw permits
a runner to advance, even though the runner subsequently is put out
as a result of continuous play. A play which follows a misplay
(whether or not it is an error) is a new play, and the fielder
making any misplay shall not be credited with an assist unless he
takes part in the new play.
DOUBLE PLAYS-TRIPLE PLAYS
10.12 Credit participation in the double play or triple play to
each fielder who earns a putout or an assist when two or three
players are put out between the time a pitch is delivered and the
time the ball next becomes dead or is next in possession of the
pitcher in pitching position,unless an error or misplay intervenes
between putouts.
NOTE: Credit the double play or triple play also if an appeal play
after the ball is in possession of the pitcher results in an
additional putout.
ERRORS
10.13 An error shall be charges for each misplay (fumble, muff or
wild throw) which prolongs the time at bat of a batter or which
prolongs the life of a runner, or which permits a runner to advance
one or more bases.
NOTE: (1) Slow handling of the ball which does not involve
mechanical misplay shall not be construed as an error.
NOTE: (2) It is not necessary that the fielder touch the ball to be
charged with an error. If a ground ball goes through a fielder's
legs or a pop fly falls untouched and in the scorer's judgment the
fielder could have handled the ball with ordinary effort, an error
shall be charged.
NOTE: (3) Mental mistakes or misjudgments are not to be scored as
errors unless specifically covered in the rules.
(a) An error shall be charge against any fielder when he muffs a
foul fly, to prolong the time at bat of a batter whether the
batter subsequently reaches first base or is put out.
(b) An error shall be charged against any fielder when he catches
a thrown ball or a ground ball in time to put out the batter-runner
and fails to tag first base or the batter-runner.
(c) An error shall be charged against any fielder when he catches
a thrown ball or a ground ball in time to put out any runner on a
force  play and fails to tag the base or the runner.
(d) (1) An error shall be charged against any fielder whose wild
throw permits a runner to reach a base safely, when in the scorer's
judgment a good throw would have put out the runner. EXCEPTION: No
error shall be charged under this section if the wild throw is made
attempting to prevent a stolen base.
(2) An error shall be charged against any fielder whose wild throw
in attempting to prevent  a runner's advance permits that runner or
any other runner to advance one or more bases beyond the base her
would have reached had the throw not been wild.
(3) An error shall be charged against any fielder whose throw takes
an unnatural bounce, or touches a base or the pitcher's plate, or
touches a runner, a fielder or an umpire, thereby permitting any
runner to advance.
NOTE: Apply this rule even when it appears to be an injustice to a
fielder whose throw was accurate. Every base advanced by a runner
must be accounted for.
(4) Charge only one error on any wild throw, regardless of the
number of bases advanced by one or more runners.
(e) An error shall be charge against any fielder whose failure to
stop or try to stop, an accurately thrown ball permits a runner to
advance, providing there was an occasion for the throw. If such
throw be made to second base, the scorer shall determine whether it
was the duty of the second baseman or the shortstop to stop the
ball, and an error shall be charged to the negligent player.
NOTE: If in the scorer's judgment there was not occasion  for the
throw, an error shall be charged to the fielder who threw the ball.
(f) When an umpire awards the batter or any runner or runners one
or more bases because of interference or obstruction, charge the
fielder who committed the interference or obstruction with one
error, no matter how many bases the batter, or runners, may be
advanced.
NOTE: Do not charge an error if obstruction does not change the
play in the opinion of the scorer.
10.14 No error shall be charged in the following cases:
(a) No error shall be charged against the catcher when, after
receiving the pitch, he makes a wild throw attempting to prevent a
stolen base, unless the wild throw permits the stealing runner  to
advance one or more extra bases, or permits nay other runner to
advance one or more bases.
(b) No error shall be charged against any fielder who makes a wild
throw if in the scorer's judgment  the runner would not have been
put out with ordinary effort by a good throw, unless such wild
throw permits any runner to advance beyond the base he would have
reached had the throw not been wild.
(c) No error shall be charged against any fielder when he makes a
wild in attempting to complete a double play or triple play, unless
such wild throw enables any runner to advance beyond the base he
would have reached had the throw not been wild.
NOTE: When a fielder muffs a thrown ball which, if held, would have
completed a double play or triple play, charge an error to the
fielder who drops the ball and credit an assist to the fielder who
made the throw.
(d) No error shall be charged against any fielder when, after
fumbling a ground ball or dropping a fly ball, a line drive or a
thrown ball, he recovers the ball in time to force out a runner at
any base.
(e) No error shall be charged against any fielder who permits a
foul fly to fall safe with a runner on third base before two are
out, if in the scorer's judgment the fielder deliberately refuses
the catch in order that the runner on third shall not  score after
the catch.
(f) Because the pitcher and catcher handle the ball much more than
other fielders, certain misplays on pitched balls are defined in
Rule 10.15 as wild pitches and passed balls. No error shall be
charged when a wild pitch or passed ball is scored.
(1) No error shall be charged when the batter is awarded first base
on four called balls or because  he was touched by a pitched ball,
or when he reaches first base as the result of a wild pitch or
passed ball.
(i) When the third strike is a wild pitch, permitting the batter to
reach first base, score a strikeout and a wild pitch.
(ii) When the third strike is a passed ball, permitting the batter
to reach first base, score a strikeout and a passed ball.
(2) No error shall be charges when a runner or runners advance as
the result of a passed ball, a wild pitch or a balk.
(i) When the fourth called  ball is a wild pitch or a passed ball,
and as a result (a) the batter-runner advances to a base beyond
first base:(b) any runner forced to advance by the base on balls
advances more than one base: or (c) any runner, not forced to
advance, advances one or more bases, score the base on balls, and
also the wild pitch or passed ball, as the case may be:
(ii) When the catcher recovers the ball after a wild pitch or
passed ball on the third strike, and throws out the batter-runner
at first base, or tags out the batter-runner, but another runner or
runners advance, score the strikeout, the putout and assists, if
any, and credit the advance of the other runner or runners as
having been made on the play.
WILD PITCHES-PASSED BALLS
10.15 (a) A wild pitch shall be charges when a legally delivered
ball is so high, or so wide, or so low that the catcher does not
stop and control the ball by ordinary effort, thereby permitting a
runner or runners to advance.
(1) A wild pitch shall be charged when a legally delivered ball
touches the ground before reaching home plate and is not handled by
the catcher, permitting a runner or runners to advance.
(b) A catcher shall be charged with a passed ball when he fails to
hold or to control a legally pitched ball which should have been
held or controlled with ordinary effort, thereby permitting a
runner or runners to advance.
BASES ON BALLS
10.16 (a) A base on balls shall be scored whenever a batter is
awarded first base because of four balls having been pitched
outside the strike zone, but when the fourth such ball touches the
batter it shall be scored as a "hit batter." (See 10.18 (h) for
procedure when more than one pitcher is involved in giving a base
on balls. Also see 10.17 (b) relative to substitute batter who
receives base on balls)
(b) Intentional base on balls shall be scored when the pitcher
makes no attempt to throw the last pitch to the batter into the
strike zone, but purposefully  throws the ball wide to the catcher
outside the catcher's box.
(1) If a batter awarded a base on balls is called out for refusing
to advance to first base, so not credit the base on balls. Charge
a time at bat.
STRIKEOUTS
10.17 (a) A strikeout shall be scored whenever:
(1) A batter is put out by a third strike caught by the catcher:
(2) A batter is put out by a third strike not caught when there is
a runner on first before two are out:
(3) A batter becomes a runner because a third strike is not caught:
(4) A batter bunts a foul on third strike, EXCEPTION: If such bunt
on third strike results in a foul fly caught by any fielder, do not
score a strikeout. Credit the fielder who catches the foul fly with
a putout.
(b) When the batter leaves the game with two strikes against him,
and the substitute batter completes a strikeout, charge the
strikeout and the time at bat to the first batter. If the
substitute batter completes the turn at bat in any other manner,
including a base on balls, score the action as having been that of
the substitute batter.
EARNED RUNS
10.18 An earned run is a run for which the pitcher is held
accountable. In determining earned runs, the inning should be
reconstructed without the errors (which include catcher's
interference) and passed balls, and the benefit of the doubt should
always be given to the pitcher in determining which bases would
have been reached by errorless play. For the purpose of determining
earned runs, an intentional base on balls, regardless of the
circumstances, shall be construed in exactly the same manner as any
other base on balls.
(a) An earned run shall be charged every time a runner reaches home
base by the aid of safe hits, sacrifice bunts, a sacrifice fly,
stolen bases, putouts, fielder's choices, bases on balls, hit
batters, balks or wild pitches (including a wild pitch on third
strike which permits a batter to reach first base) before fielding
chances have been offered to put out the offensive team. For the
purpose  of this rule, a defensive interference penalty shall be
construed as a fielding  chance.
(1) A wild pitch  is solely the pitcher's fault, and contributes to
an earned run just as a base on balls or a balk.
(b) No run shall be earned when scored by a runner who reaches
first base (1) on a hit or otherwise after his time at bat is
prolonged by a muffed foul fly: (2) because of interference or
obstruction: or (3) because of any fielding error:
(c) No run shall be earned when scored by a runner whose life is
prolonged by an error, if such runner would have been put out by
errorless play.
(d) No run shall be earned when the runner's advance is aided by an
error, a passed ball, or defensive interference or obstruction, if
the scorer judges that the run would not have scored without the
aid of such misplay:
(e) An error by a pitcher is treated exactly the same as an error
by any other fielder in computing earned runs.
(f) Whenever  a fielding error occurs, the pitcher shall be given
the benefit of the doubt in determining to which bases any runners
would have advanced had the fielding of the defensive team been
errorless.
(g) When pitchers are changed during an inning, the relief pitcher
shall not be charged with any run (earned or unearned) scored by a
runner who was on base at the time he entered the game, nor for
runs scored by any runner who reaches base on a fielder's choice
which puts out a runner left on base by the preceding pitcher.
NOTE: It is the intent of this rule to charge each pitcher with the
number of runners he put on base, rather than with the individual
runners. When a pitcher puts runners on base and is relieved, he
shall be charged with all runs subsequently scored up to and
including the number of runners he left on base when he left the
game, unless such runners are put out without action by the batter,
i.e.,caught stealing, picked off base, or called out for
interference when a batter-runner does not reach first base on the
play. EXCEPTION: see example 7.
EXAMPLES: (1) P1 walks A and is relieved by P2. B grounds out.
sending A to second. C flies out. D singles, scoring A. Charge run
to P1.
(2) P1 walks A and is relieved by P2. B forces A at second. C
grounds out sending B to second. D singles, scoring B. Charge run
to P1.
(3) P1 walks A and is relieved by P2, B singles, sending A to
third.
C grounds to short, and A is out at home. B going to second. D
flies out. E singles, scoring B. Charge run to P1.
(4) P1 walks A and is relieved by P2. B walks, C flies out. A
picked off second. D doubles scoring B from first. Charge run to
P2.
(5) P1 walks A and is relieved by P2. P2 walks B and is relieved by
P3. C forces A at third. D forces B at third. E hits home run,
scoring three runs. Charge one run to P1, one run to P2, and one
run to P3.
(6) P1 walks A, and is relieved by P2. P2 walks B. C singles,
filling the bases.D forces A at home. E singles scoring B and C.
Charge one run to P1 and one run to P2.
(7) P1 walks A, and is relieved by P2. P2 allows B to single, but
A is out trying for third. B takes second on the throw. C singles
scoring B. Charge run to P2.
(h) A relief pitcher shall not be held accountable when the first
batter to whom he pitches reaches first base on four called balls
if such batter has decided advantage in the ball and strike count
when pitchers are changed.
(1) If, when pitchers are changed, the count is
2 balls, no strike,
2 balls, 1 strike,
3 balls, no strike,
3 balls, 1 strike,
3 balls, 2 strikes,
and the batter gets a base on balls, charge that batter and the
base on balls to the preceding pitcher,no to the relief pitcher.
(2) Any other action by such batter, such as reaching base on hit,
and error, a fielder's choice, a force-out, or being touched by a
pitched ball, shall cause such a batter to be charged to the relief
pitcher.
NOTE: The provisions of 10.18 (b) (2) shall not be construed as
affecting or conflicting with provisions of 10.18 (g).
(3) If when pitchers are changed, the count is
2 balls, 2 strikes,
1 ball, 2 strikes,
1 ball, 1 strike,
1 ball, no strike,
no ball, 2 strikes,
no ball, 1 strike,
charge the batter and his actions to the relief pitcher.
(i) When pitchers are changed during an inning, the relief pitcher
shall not have the benefit of previous chances for outs not
accepted in determining earned runs.
NOTE: It is the intent of this rule to charge relief pitchers with
earned runs for which they are solely responsible. In some
instances, runs charged as earned against the relief pitcher can be
charged as unearned against the team.
EXAMPLES: (1) With two out, P1  walks A. B reaches base on an
error. P2 relieves P1. C hits home run, scoring three runs. Charge
two unearned runs to P1, one earned on to P2.
(2) With two out, P1 walks A and B. and is relieved by P2. C
reaches base on an error. D hits home run, scoring four runs.
Charge two unearned runs to P1, and two unearned runs to P2.
(3) With none out, P1 walks A. B reaches base on an error. P2
relieves P1. C hits home run, scoring three runs, D and E strike
out. F reaches base on an error. G hits home run, scoring two runs.
Charge two runs, one earned, to P1. Charge three runs, one earned
to P2.
WINNING AND LOSING PITCHER
10.19 (a) Credit the starting pitcher with a game won only if he
has pitched at least five complete innings and his team not only is
in the lead when he is replaced but remains in the lead the
remainder of the game.
(b) The "must pitch five complete innings" rule in respect to the
starting pitcher shall be in effect for all games of six or more
innings. In a five-inning game, credit the starting pitcher with a
game won only if he has pitched at least four complete innings and
his team not only is in the lead when he is replaced but remains in
the lead the remainder of the game.
(c) When the starting pitcher cannot be credited with the victory
because of the provisions of 10.19 (a) or (b) and more than one
relief pitcher is used, the victory shall be awarded on the
following basis:
(1) When, during the tenure of the starting pitcher, the winning
team assumes the lead and maintains it to the finish of the game,
credit the victory to the relief pitcher judged by the scorer to
have been the most effective:
(2) Whenever the score is tied the game  becomes a new contest
insofar as the winning and losing pitcher is concerned:
(3) Once the opposing team assumes the lead all pitchers who have
pitched up to that point are excluded from being credited with the
victory except that if the pitcher against whose pitching the
opposing team gained the lead continues to pitch until his team
regains the lead, which it holds to the finish of the game, that
pitcher shall be the winning pitcher:
(4) The winning relief pitcher shall be the one who is the pitcher
of record when his team assumes the lead and maintains it to the
finish of the game. EXCEPTION: Do not credit a victory to a relief
pitcher who is ineffective in a brief appearance, when succeeding
relief pitcher pitches effectively in helping his team maintain the
lead. In such cases, credit the succeeding relief pitcher with the
victory.
(d) When a pitcher is removed for a substitute batter or substitute
runner, all runs scored by his team during the inning in which he
is removed shall be credited to his benefit in determining the
pitcher of record when his team assumes the lead.
(e) Regardless of how many innings the first pitcher has pitched,
he shall be charged with the loss of the game if he is replaced
when his team is behind in the score, or falls behind because of
runs charged to him after he is replaced, and his team thereafter
falls either to tie the score or gain the lead.
(f) No pitcher shall be credited with pitching a shutout unless he
pitches the complete game,or unless he enters the game with none
out before the opposing team has scored in the first inning,puts
out the side without a run scoring and pitches all the rest of the
game. When two or more pitchers combine to pitch a shutout a
notation to that effect should be included in the league's official
pitching records.
(g) In some non-championship games (such as the Major League All-
Star Game) it is provided in advance that each pitcher shall work
a stated number of innings, usually two or three. In such games, it
is customary to credit the victory to the pitcher of record,
whether starter or reliever, when the winning team takes a lead
which it maintains to the end of the game, unless such pitcher is
knocked out after the winning team has a commanding lead, and the
scorer believes a subsequent pitcher is entitled to credit for the
victory.
SAVES FOR RELIEF PITCHERS
10.20 Credit a pitcher with a save when he meets all three of the
following conditions:
(1) He is the finishing pitcher in a game won by his Club: and
(2) He is not the winning pitcher, and
(3) He qualifies under one of the following conditions:
(a) He enters the game with a lead of no more that three runs and
pitches for at least one inning: or
(b) He enters the game, regardless of the count, with the
potential tying run either on base, or at bat, or on deck (that is,
the potential tying run is either already on base or is one of the
first two batsmen he faces): or
(c) He pitches effectively for at least three innings.
No more than one save may be credited in each game.
STATISTICS
10.21 The league president shall appoint an official statistician,
The statistician shall maintain a cumulative record of all the
batting, fielding, running and pitching records specified in 10.02
for every player who appears in a league championship game.
The statistician shall prepare a tabulated report at the end of the
season, including all individual and team records for every
championship game, and shall submit this report to the league
president. This report shall identify each player by his first name
and surname, and shall indicate as to each batter whether he bats
righthanded, lefthanded, or both ways: as to each fielder and
pitchers, whether he throws righthanded or lefthanded.
When a player is listed in the starting lineup for the visiting
club is substituted for before he play defensively, he shall not
receive credit in the defensive statistics (fielding), unless he
actually plays that position during a game. All such players,
however, shall be credited, with one game played (in "batting
statistics") as long as they are announced into the game or listed
on the official lineup card.
Any games played to break a divisional tie shall be included in the
statistics for that championship season.
DETERMINING PERCENTAGE RECORDS
10.22 To compute
(a) Percentage of games won and lost, divide the number of games
won by the total games won and lost:
(b) Batting average, divide the total number of safe hits (not the
total bases on hits) by the total times at bat, as defined in 10.02
(a):
(c) Slugging percentage, divide the total bases of all safe hits by
the total times at bat, as defined in 10.02 (a):
(d) Fielding average, divide the total putouts and assists by the
total of putouts, assists and errors:
(e) Pitcher's earned-run average, multiply the total earned runs
charged against his pitching by 9, and divide the result by the
total number of innings he pitched.
NOTE: Earned-run averages shall be calculated on the basis of total
innings pitched including fractional innings. EXAMPLE: 9 1/2
innings pitched and 3 earned runs is an earned-run average of 2.00
(3 ER  times 9 divided by 9 1/2 equals 2.89).
(f) On-base percentage, divide the total of hits, all bases on
balls, an hit by pitch by the total of at bats, all bases on
balls, hit by pitch and sacrifice flies.
NOTE: For the purpose of computing on-base percentage, ignore being
awarded first base on interference or obstruction.
MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR INDIVIDUAL CHAMPIONSHIP
10.23 To assure uniformity in establishing the batting, pitching
and fielding championships of professional leagues, such champions
shall meet the following minimum performance standards:
(a) The individual batting champion or slugging champion shall be
the player with the highest batting average or slugging percentage,
provided he is credited with as many or more total appearances at
the plate in League Championship games as the number of games
scheduled for each Club in his league that season, multiplied by
3.1 In the case of a major league player. EXCEPTION: However, if
there is any player with fewer than the required number of plate
appearances whose average would be the highest, if he were charged
with the required number of plate appearances or official at bats,
then that player shall be awarded the batting championship or
slugging championship.
EXAMPLE: If a major league schedules 162 games for each Club. 502
plate appearances qualify (162 times 3.1 equals 502). If a National
Association league schedules 140 games for each Club. 378 plate
appearances qualify (140 times 2.7 equals 378).
Total appearances at the plate shall include official times at bat,
plus bases on balls, times hit by pitcher, sacrifice hits,
sacrifice flies and times awarded first base because of
interference or obstruction.
(b) The individual pitching champion shall be the pitcher with the
lowest earned-run average, provided that he has pitched at least as
many innings as the number of games scheduled for each Club in his
league that season. EXCEPTION: However, pitchers in National
Association leagues shall qualify for the pitching championship by
having the lowest earned-run average and having pitched at least as
many innings as 80% of the number of games scheduled for each Club
in his league that season.
(c) The individual fielding champions shall be the fielders with
the highest fielding average at each position, provided.
(1) A catcher must have participated as a catcher in at least one-
half the number of games scheduled for each Club in his league that
season:
(2) An infielder or outfielder must have participated at his
position in at least two-thirds of the number of games scheduled
for each Club in his league that season:
(3) A pitcher must have pitched at least as many innings as the
number of games scheduled for each Club in his league that season.
EXCEPTION: If another pitcher has a fielding average as high or
higher, and has handled more total chances in lesser number of
innings, he shall be the fielding champion.
GUIDELINES FOR CUMULATIVE PERFORMANCE RECORDS
10.24 Consecutive Hitting Streaks.
(a) A consecutive hitting streak shall not be terminated if the
plate appearance results in a base on balls, hit batsman, defensive
interference or a sacrifice bunt. A sacrifice fly shall terminate
the streak.
(b) CONSECUTIVE-GAME HITTING STREAKS.
A consecutive-game hitting streak shall not be terminated if all
the player's plate appearances (one or more) result in a base on
balls, hit batsman, defensive interference or a sacrifice bunt. The
streak shall terminate if the player has a sacrifice fly and no
hit.
The player's individual consecutive-game hitting streak shall be
determined by the consecutive games in which the player appears and
is not determined by his Club's games.
(c) CONSECUTIVE PLAYING STREAK
A consecutive-game playing streak shall be extended if the player
plays one-half inning on defense, or if he completes a time at bat
by reaching base or being put out. A pinch-running appearance only
shall not extend the streak. If a player is ejected from a game by
an umpire before he can comply with the requirements of this rule,
his streak shall continue.
(d) SUSPENDED GAMES.
For the purpose of this rule, all performances in the completion of
a suspended game shall be considered as occurring on the original
date of the game.